{"id":3050,"date":"2020-09-02T17:31:01","date_gmt":"2020-09-02T17:31:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/histowiki.com\/?p=3050"},"modified":"2020-09-22T18:46:53","modified_gmt":"2020-09-22T18:46:53","slug":"timeline-history-of-the-internet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/histowiki.com\/history\/technology\/3050\/timeline-history-of-the-internet\/","title":{"rendered":"Timeline History Of The Internet"},"content":{"rendered":"
https:\/\/www.ieee.org\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP\/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.<\/p>\n

The origins of the Internet date back to the development of packet switching and research commissioned by the United States Department of Defense in the 1960s to enable time-sharing of computers. The primary precursor network, the ARPANET, initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1970s. The funding of the National Science Foundation Network as a new backbone in the 1980s, as well as private funding for other commercial extensions, led to worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies, and the merger of many networks. The linking of commercial networks and enterprises by the early 1990s marked the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet, and generated a sustained exponential growth as generations of institutional, personal, and mobile computers were connected to the network. Although the Internet was widely used by academia in the 1980s, commercialization incorporated its services and technologies into virtually every aspect of modern life.<\/p>\n

1904:<\/strong> The Veblenian Dichotomy\u00a0distinguishes between institutions and their technologies.<\/a><\/p>\n

1918:<\/strong>\u00a0Taylorism, the original\u00a0\u201cmanagement science,\u201d<\/a>\u00a0is first documented by HB Drury.<\/p>\n

1934:<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cFordism\u201d management style\u00a0gains prominence for being efficient and oppressive.<\/a><\/p>\n

1937:<\/strong>\u00a0Ronald Coase publishes \u201cTheory of the Firm,\u201d the economic rationale for why firms grow which outlines a new branch of microeconomics. It will have an even greater\u00a0impact once markets and firms are connected via cryptonetworks.<\/a><\/p>\n

1956:<\/strong>\u00a0Government\u00a0antitrust suit against AT&T<\/a>\u00a0bars the firm from entering the computer business.<\/p>\n

1956:<\/strong>\u00a0Hacker movement\u00a0emerges at MIT and Stanford<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1956:<\/strong>\u00a0IBM releases the first computer hard disk drive, the 2,000-pound-plus,\u00a0refrigerator-size IBM 305 RAMAC<\/a>. The hard drive utilized magnetic disk storage enabling data retrieval without a delay.<\/p>\n

1959:<\/strong>\u00a0Jack Kilby develops the interconnected circuit into a chip form\u00a0which will eventually be used in almost every electronic device<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1963:<\/strong>\u00a0Ivan Sutherland, the Father of Computer Graphics<\/a>\u00a0develops the Sketchpad program which is the first program to use a graphical user interface, as opposed to a text-based one. He also developed one of the earliest forms of virtual reality.<\/p>\n

1964:<\/strong>\u00a0The National Society of Professional Engineers publishes a code of ethics.\u00a0It\u2019s still taught today<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1964:\u00a0<\/strong>The poem \u201cAll Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace<\/a>\u201d emblematic of Tech-utopianism. Here\u2019s an excerpt:<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cI like to think
\n(it has to be!)
\nof a cybernetic ecology
\nwhere we are free of our labors\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

1968:<\/strong>\u00a0The Mother of all Demos, engineer Douglas Engelbart illustrates Integrated Computer Systems \u2014 the use of lots of recent technologies in conjunction with each other \u2014 including on-screen windows, hypertext, graphics, file linking, revision control, video conferencing, the computer mouse, and word processing.\u00a0It will enable computing to become personal rather than only a machine for specialists<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1969:<\/strong>\u00a0The Union of Concerned Scientists is formed at MIT. This will\u00a0change the direction of computing and scientific research<\/a>\u00a0away from developing military technologies toward solving pressing environmental and social problems.<\/p>\n

1969:<\/strong>\u00a0UNIX created by AT&T. UNIX is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems.\u00a0All future operating systems will take form Unix<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1969:<\/strong>\u00a0Automated Teller Machine<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1969<\/strong>:\u00a0Formation of the Arpanet<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 four computers linked in 1969.<\/p>\n

1970:<\/strong>\u00a0Scientists at\u00a0Corning produce a fiber optic of ultrapure glass that is capable of transmitting light<\/a>\u00a0well enough for telecommunications. This has helped bring faster voice, video, and data transmission.<\/p>\n

1971:\u00a0<\/strong>Prof. John Galbraith coins the term\u00a0\u201cthe Technostructure\u201d for business bureaucracy<\/a>, which refers to a loosely organized collection of interests, decision-making bodies, and individuals with specialized knowledge and experience that direct the mechanical operations and technological development in modern society.<\/p>\n

1974:<\/strong>\u00a0DARPA\u00a0develops Internet TCP\/IP protocol suite<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1976:\u00a0<\/strong>The Cray-1, the\u00a0first commercially developed supercomputer<\/a>, is installed in the Los Alamos National Laboratory.<\/p>\n

1977:<\/strong>\u00a0The Apple II,\u00a0Commodore Pet and Radio Shack\u2019s TRS-80\u00a0<\/a>are introduced to the market. We know how this story ends.<\/p>\n

1981:<\/strong>\u00a0Writer William Gibson\u00a0coins the term \u201ccyberspace\u201d to mean a digital dystopia where corporations rule<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1982:<\/strong>\u00a0AT&T sued by the Department of Justice for\u00a0antitrust violations and is broken up<\/a>. If you love and use Verison, thank the government. If you hate Verison, thank the government.<\/p>\n

1982:<\/strong>\u00a0Fifteen-year-old Rich Skrenta creates an application called Elk Cloner as a prank \u2014 and ends up\u00a0creating the first virus<\/a>\u00a0to spread outside its home network.<\/p>\n

1983:<\/strong>\u00a0Richard Stallman releases GNU\/Linux, a free OS.\u00a0Open source begins its dominance<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1983:<\/strong>\u00a0Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility\u00a0creates the Code of Ethics for cryptographers<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1983:<\/strong>\u00a0David Chaum creates centralized\u00a0digital cash system<\/a>. Say hello to public key cryptography for money.<\/p>\n

1984:<\/strong>\u00a0IBM and AT&T begin using Internet protocol suite<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1985:<\/strong>\u00a0Richard Stallman\u00a0founds Free Software Foundation<\/a>\u00a0in protest of commercial software practices.<\/p>\n

1985:<\/strong>\u00a0General Motors\u00a0experimented with employee company ownership<\/a>\u00a0of one of its car company, Saturn.<\/p>\n

1988:<\/strong>\u00a0Robert Morris creates the first internet virus,\u00a0the Morris worm<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1989:<\/strong>\u00a0Sir Tim Berners-Lee\u00a0spawns the World Wide Web<\/a>\u00a0with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, or HTTP.<\/p>\n

1990:<\/strong>\u00a0Electronic Frontier Foundation<\/a>\u00a0(EFF) is formed. It is now one of the leading nonprofit organizations for defending civil liberties in the digital world.<\/p>\n

1994:\u00a0<\/strong>The Today show infamously tries to explain the \u201c@\u201d sign.<\/p>\n

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